Extract from 'The Answer to the Enquiries from the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the Council of Trade and Plantations' by Andrew Leake, 1699.
Between 1898 and 1909, Newfoundland and Labrador ice captain Bob Bartlett and American explorer Robert Peary made three separate attempts to reach the North Pole.
The Portuguese pioneered the European exploration of the Atlantic Ocean. Some historians believe that Portuguese mariners reached Newfoundland before Cabot.