Dictionary of Newfoundland English

Abbreviations

Below are listed the abbreviations employed in the Dictionary, especially in the references found in the headnotes. For a key to the abbreviations used in quoting the sources for the Dictionary, see the BIBLIOGRAPHY.

a, adj — adjective, adjectival
A.D. — anno Domini
A-I — Anglo-Irish
arch — archaic
attrib — attributive
Austr — Australia
av — adverb
b — born
B.C. — before Christ
Brit — British
c. — approximately; century
C — item in MUNFLA Card Collection
Can — Canadian
cent — century
cm — centimetre
Co — Cornwall
CO — Colonial Office [Series]
colloq — colloquial
comb(s) — combination(s)
comp — compiler
Conn — Connecticut
cp — compare with the following term or reference
cpd — compound
CS — Colonial Series
cty, cties — county, counties
d — died
D — Devon
det — determiner
dial — dialect(al)
Do — Dorset
ed(s) — editor(s), edited by; edition
ed emend — editorial emendation
esp — especially
etym — etymology
exc — except
exclam — exclamation
ff — and the following pages
fig. — figurative
Fr — French
freq — frequent(ly)
ft — feet
gen — general
Gk — Greek
Gl — Gloucestershire
Gloss — Glossary
Ha — Hampshire
ibid — the same source
imit — imitative
imp — imperative
in. — inches
int — interjection
intens — intensifier
int pro — interrogative pronoun
Ir — Ireland, Irish
ISER — Institute of Social and Economic Research
IW — Isle of Wight
kg — kilogramme
l — litre
Lab(r) — Labrador
Lat — Latin
m — metre
M — item in MUNFLA Manuscript Collection
Mass — Massachusetts
MS(S) — manuscript(s)
m t — metric ton
MUC — Memorial University College
MUNFLA — Memorial University of Newfoundland Folklore and Language Archive
n — noun; nominal; note
naut — nautical usage
N B — New Brunswick
n d — no date
N E — New England
neg — negative
Nfld — Newfoundland
N H — New Hampshire
N I — Northern Ireland
no — northern
No — number
N S — Nova Scotia
num — numeral
N Z — New Zealand
obs — obsolete
occas — occasionally
Ork — Orkney
p. — page
P — item submitted by a collector
PANL — Provincial Archives of Newfoundland and Labrador
phr — phrase
pl — plural
poet — poetical
Por — Portuguese
ppl — present participle
ppl a — participial adjective
p ppl — past participle
pref — prefix
prep — preposition
pro — personal pronoun
prob — probably
prov — proverb(ial)
Prov — Provençal
Q — item obtained from a questionnaire
qtl — quintal 'a measure of fish'
quot — quotation
rpt — reprint
s — southern
sb — substantive
Sc — Scotland
sg — singular
Sh I — Shetland Islands
Sh & Ork — Shetland and Orkney
sig. — signature
So — Somerset
Span — Spanish
SPCK — Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge
SPG — Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
spp — species
STC — Short-Title Catalogue
subs — substitute
s w — southwest [counties of England: Berkshire, Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Somerset]
T — item in MUNFLA Tape Collection
tr — translator, translation, translated by
transf — transferred sense
U S — United States
usu — usually
v — verb
v superscript — verso (of a page)
var — various, variant
vbl n — verbal noun
vol(s) — volume(s)
w — west
W — Wiltshire
Wxf — Wexford

*	a spelling not attested in printed sources; a spelling devised to suggest an approximate pronunciation: joog*
( )	an optional spelling or inflexional ending occurs: quar(r)
=	'the preceding term means': old king [= king eider]
~	'the word being defined'; 'the word just mentioned': ochre, ~ pit
~s	'the plural of the form': sabot...~s
[ ]	phonetic transcription; editorial correction or emendation; a relevant quotation which does not contain the word being illustrated; date of first appearance, writing, or, if a ballad, performance

This dictionary includes some words which are or are asserted to be proprietary names or trademarks. Their inclusion does not imply that they have acquired for legal purposes a non-proprietary or general significance nor any other judgement concerning their legal status.