The most obvious feature of the defensive works is a large ditch, some 6.1 metres (20 feet) wide and about 1.2 metres (4 feet) deep that seems to have bordered at least the entire eastern side of the colony.
The articles that follow is an attempt to identify the owners of 19 bottle-seal fragments from English glass wine bottles and to provide some insight into the practice of bottle-sealing.
Letter to Sir David Kirke, from Charles I of England, dated November 11, 1648, and dealing with planters, names, and the English Civil War (1642-1648).
Overview of the presence of the Kirkes in Newfoundland, including the granting of the island and the legal battles between the Kirkes and the Calverts.